دانلود کتاب Biological approaches in dye-containing wastewater

The textile industry segment has been continuously expanded and is one of the most expressive consumers of chemical products, dyes, and water. As a result, the sector is responsible for generating a large amount of industrial wastewater. These effluents are highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. Azo dyes are widely used in the textile industry; thus, they are commonly found in its wastewater. This chapter approaches the main processes of azo dyes removal and biodegradation, highlighting the most used and effective reactor configurations. While anaerobic reactors are most efficient for combined color and organic matter removal, aerobic reactors are required to mineralize aromatic amines, byproducts of azo dye degradation. Therefore, combination of anaerobic and aerobic reactors is desired. The following topics are also covered: the influence of operational parameters; effectiveness of applying one- or two-stages (aerobic and anaerobic) processes; and metabolism, stoichiometry, and byproduct formation. Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR) are the most used one-stage system, showing good removal efficiencies. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Expanded Granular Sludge Blanket (EGSB) reactors were effectively used as anaerobic reactors, while different biofilm aerobic reactors showed excellent performance on removing aromatic amines.